Investigate working relationships within a services industry Essay

Investigate working relationships within a services industry context(hospitality mangement) - Essay Example Hospitality Management is the administration of people and services that is essential in the tourism industries in all parts of the world (The Ohio State University at Lima, n.d.). It is a multi-disciplinary major that provides proficiency and competence for the administration, marketing, and above standard operations skills in the accommodations, food, travel and other tourism services to people apart from their homes (Bureau of Economic Analysis, n.d.; MyMajors, n.d.) whereby uninhibited application of irrefutable management theories and principles is implemented (Degree Directory, n.d.; The Ohio State University at Lima, n.d.). It entails indisputable competence in the diverse features of a global business which is comprised of strategic planning, design and construction, finance and marketing, administration, supervision and operations (MyMajors, n.d.). Hospitality managers usually concentrate on specific areas of specializations which cater to particular functions. These could be human resources, food services, guest services and information systems. Nevertheless, top-level managers and executives should have an across-the-board knowledge and skills required for the effective operations of various departments and how they draw together (Degree Directory, n.d.). The legacy began with the distinguished Swiss hotelier Cesar Ritz known as the â€Å"King of hoteliers and hotelier to kings† who valiantly changes the definition of â€Å"luxury hotel experience" in Europe. With his personal philosophy of service and innovation, he commenced the Ritz-Paris and Carlton-London during his time. As a consequence, since the time of its commencement, the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C.—more popularly known as The Ritz—is one of the most progressive luxury hotel groups in the world. The first branch was the Ritz-Carlton in Boston, Massachusetts set off on 1927

Commentary All the Kings Men Essay Example for Free

Commentary All the Kings Men Essay We left the bay, and lost the salt, sad, sweet, fishy smell of the tidelands out of our nostrils. We headed north again. It was darker now. The ground mist lay heavier on the fields, and in the dips of the road the mist frayed out over the slab and blunted the headlights. Now and then a pair of eyes would burn at us out of the dark ahead. I knew that they were the eyes of a cow-a poor dear stoic old cow with a cud, standing on the highway shoulder, for there wasn’t any stock law- but her eyes burned at us out of the dark as though her skull were full of blazing molten metal like blood and we could see inside the skull into that bloody hot brightness in that moment when the reflection was right before we picked up her shape, which is so perfectly formed to be pelted with clods, and knew what she was and knew that inside that unlovely knotty head there wasn’t anything but a handful of coldly coagulated gray mess in which something slow happened as we went by. We were something slow happening inside the cold brain of a cow. That’s what the cow would say if she were a brass-bound Idealist like little Jackie Burden. The Boss said, â€Å"Well, Jackie, it looks like you got a job cut out for you.† And I said, â€Å"Callahan?† And he said, â€Å"Nope, Irwin.† And I said, â€Å"I don’t reckon you will find anything on Irwin.† And he said, â€Å"You find it.† We bored on into the dark for another twenty miles and eighteen minutes. The ectoplasmic fingers of the mist reached out of the swamp, threading out from the blackness of the cypresses, to snag us, but didn’t have any luck. A possum came out of the swamp, threading out from the blackness of the cypresses, to snag us, but didn’t have any luck. A possum came out of the swamp and started across the road and might have made it, too, if Sugar-Boy hadn’t been too quick for him. Sugar-Boy just shaded the steering wheel delicately to the left, just a fraction. There wasn’t even a jounce or twitch, but something thumped against the underside of the left front fender, and Sugar-Boy said, â€Å"The b-b-b-b-bas-tud.† Sugar-Boy could thread a needle with that Cadillac. At about the end of that eighteen minutes and twenty miles, I said: â€Å"But suppose I don’t find anything before election day?† The Boss said, â€Å"To hell with election day. I can deliver Masters prepaid, special handling. But if it takes ten years, you find it.† We clocked off five miles more, and I said, â€Å"But suppose there isn’t anything to find.† And the Boss said, â€Å"There is always something.† And I said, â€Å"Maybe not on the Judge.† And he said, â€Å"Man is conceived in sin and born in corruption and he passeth from the stink of the didie to the stench of the shroud. There is always something. Two miles more, and he said, â€Å"And make it stick.† And that was all a good while ago. Color Key: Simile Characterization Imagery Personification Jack Burden, the narrator of the novel, has a request by the Boss to dig into Judge Irwin’s past â€Å"and make it stick.† The journey of finding something on him builds Jack’s character and foreshadows the death of some of his friends. As they are coming back from the visit to Judge Irwin’s house, they encounter cows on the road. Jack Burden looks into the burning eyes of â€Å"a poor dear stoic old cow† whose skull was of â€Å"blazing molten metal,† and Jack says that the cow is â€Å"a brass-bound Idealist like little Jackie Burden† like a slow thought in her brain. Jack Burden questions the visit to Judge Irwin’s house thinking that there was no sin made by him and identifies himself as an idealist. Because of Jack’s long relationship with the judge, he questions if there is really anything to find about him. The Boss convinces him that â€Å"Man is conceived in sin and born in corruption and he [passes it] from the stink [of the diaper] to the stench of the shroud. There is always, something,† leaves and says â€Å"And make it stick.† The last paragraph shows that the future of the book is foreshadowed to the reader with Jack saying, â€Å"And that was all a good while ago.† It all shows that Jack Burden is certainly not a weak character because he eventually does find something on the judge like the Boss said. The dirt that he found stuck so good that it was great for Robert Penn Warren to put the conclusion in the beginning of the book.

Anti-Inflammatory Drug Tests

Anti-Inflammatory Drug Tests The method described by Lorke with slight modification was used to determine the safety of the MEA. Briefly, normal healthy male mice were divided into groups of five mice in each cage. MEA (100 and 1000 mg/kg) or vehicle were intraperitoneally administered. Access to food and water, toxic symptoms and the general behavior of mice were observed continuously for 1 h after the treatment, intermittently for 4 h, and thereafter over a period of 24 h. The mice were further observed for up to 14 days following treatment for any signs of toxicity and mortality. Result Over the study duration of 14 days, there were no deaths recorded in the groups of mice given 100 or 1000 mg/kg IP of MEA. During the observation period, MEA administration did not induce any variations in the general appearance or toxic signs in the animals. The writhing test has long been used as a screening tool for the assessment of analgesic or anti-inflammatory properties of new substances (Collier et al., 1968). This method presents a good sensitivity, although it has poor specificity. To avoid misinterpretation of the results, in the present study the antinociceptive effects of MEA were confirmed in the formalin test, a model of inflammatory pain which has two distinctive phases which may indicate different types of pain (Hunskaar and Hole, 1987). The early and late phases of formalin test have obvious differential properties, and therefore this test is useful not only for assessing the analgesic substances, but also for elucidating the mechanism of analgesia (Shibata et al., 1989). The early phase,  named non-inflammatory pain, is a result of direct stimulation of nociceptors and reflects centrally-mediated pain; the late phase,  named inflammatory pain, is caused by local inflammation with a release of inflammatory and hyper algesic mediators (Hunskaar  and Hole, 1987). The thermal model of the tail-flick test is considered to be a spinal reflex, but could also involve higher neural structures, and therefore this method identifies mainly central analgesics (Jensen and Yaksh, 1986; Le Bars et al., 2001). Due to their implication in virtually all human and animal diseases, inflammation and pain have become the focus of global scientific research. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids have necessitated the search for new drugs with minimal side effects (Dharmasiri et al.,2003; Vittalrao et al., 2011). The current trend of research is the investigation of medicines of plant origin because of their affordability and accessibility with minimal side effects. The thermal model of the tail-flick test is considered to be a spinal reflex, but could also involve higher neural structures, and therefore this method identifies mainly central analgesics (Jensen and Yaksh, 1986; Le Bars et al., 2001). The analgesic activity of Cyathula prostrata in this study was investigated using the hot plate and mouse writhing tests. The hot plate test is useful for the evaluation of centrally acting analgesics which are known to elevate the pain threshold of mice towards  heat (Hiruma-Lima et al., 2000). It also indicates narcotic involvement with opioid receptor (Turner, 1965). The writhing model is a sensitive method for screening peripheral analgesic efficacy agents and it is more sensitive to non-steroidal analgesics (Collier et al., 1963). The analgesic effect of acetic acid is due to the liberation and increased level of several mediators such as histamine and serotonin which act by stimulation of peripheral nociceptive neurons (Cui et al., 2010). Over the centuries, phytopharmaceuticals have been utilized by different communities of the world [1]. Acetic acid-induced writhing is a well recommended protocol in evaluating medicinal agents for their analgesic property. The pain induction caused by liberating endogenous substances as well as some other pain mediators such as arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase, and prostaglandin biosynthesis [10,23]. This pain paradigm is widely used for the assessment of peripheral analgesic activity due to its sensitivity and response to the compounds at a dose which is not effective in other methods. The local peritoneal receptor could be the cause of abdominal writhings [24]. Pain sensation in acetic acid induced writhing paradigm is elicited by producing localized inflammatory response due to release of free arachidonic acid from tissue phospholipids via cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and producing prostaglandin specifically PGE2 and PGF2ÃŽ ±, the level of lipoxygenase products may also increases in peritoneal fluids [10,23]. These prostaglandin and lipoxygenase products cause inflammation and pain b y increasing capillary permeability. The substance inhibiting the writhings will have analgesic effect preferably by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, a peripheral mechanism of pain inhibition [23]. Thermal nociception models such as hot plat and the tail immersion tests were used to evaluate central analgesic activity. The management of pain and inflammation related problems is a real challenge that people face daily. Although several drugs are available for these conditions, medicinal plants are believed to be an important source of new chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects (Gupta et al., 2006). Formalin test The formalin test was carried out as described by Santos and Calixto, (1997). Groups of mice (n=5) were treated with HAAE (150 and 200 mg/kg), HAME (150 and 200 mg/kg), Aspirin (100 mg/kg), Morphine (10 mg/kg) and distilled water. Formalin (1% v/v) was injected into the sub-plantar region of the right hind paw of the animals, one hour post treatment. The duration of paw licking was measured for 0-5 minutes (neurogenic phase) and 15-30 minutes (inflammatory phase) after formalin administration. Result The formalin test exhibited the characteristic biphasic response. Phase 1 response which was recorded from the time of formalin injection and 5 minutes post-injection was not affected by either extract at either dose level. Morphine however, showed significant (p minutes post formalin injection. The extracts of HAAE (150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) and HAME (150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) as well as aspirin and morphine showed significant (p Acetic acid induces pain by the release of endogenous mediators of pain such as prostaglandin through the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) (Satyanarayana et al., 2004; Ballou et al., 2000). Therefore this model of pain should be inhibited by peripheral analgesics through the inhibition of COX activity. Our results therefore show that the higher doses of HAAE and HAME have peripheral analgesic properties similar to aspirin by inhibition of the release of endogenous pain mediators The formalin test is said to be a model of pain which closely resembles clinical pain compared to the other nociceptive models (Tjolsen and Hole, 1997). This test has two distinct phases: the first phase (neurogenic pain) due to direct chemical stimulation of nociceptors, results from the stimulation of myelinated and unmyelinated nociceptive afferent fibers, mainly C fibers, which can be suppressed by opioid analgesic drugs like morphine (Sayyah et al., 2004). The second or late phase seems to be an inflammatory response which elicits inflammatory pain and can be inhibited by anti-inflammatory drugs (Young at al., 2005). The second phase is caused by the release of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and histamine in the peripheral tissues, as well as functional changes in the neurons, of the spinal cord which may facilitate transmission in the spinal cord (Franca et al., 2001; Garcia et al., 2004) Cotton pellet induced granuloma tissue formation FPEO, BPEO and diclofenac sodium were orally administered for 16 consecutive days in Groups III-VII. On eighth day, the animals (Groups II-VII) were mildly anaesthetised with ether, four sterile cotton pellets (50 mg) were subcutaneously implanted in the dorsal region of the rats and two at the axilla and two at the groin regions. On 16th day, all the rats were killed using anaesthetic ether and the cotton pellets were dissected out without affecting the surrounding granuloma tissues (Winter and Porter 1957). Chronic inflamed tissues (from axilla and groin regions) were excised and stored in 0.9% saline at -20_C for biochemical analysis. The moist pellets were weighed and then dried at 60_C for 48 h and then again reweighed. The percentage reduction in cotton pellets weight of the test samples was observed and compared with that of respective cotton pellet and diclofenac sodium treated groups. This provides a measure to assess the anti -inflammatory effect of the test samples. Experimental design Seven groups were employed in the present anti-inflammatory study. Each group consists of six rats and experimental protocol included 16 days study. Each group of animals was employed with sterile cotton pellets (50 mg each) implantation in the dorsal region of rats at eighth day. Group I (vehicle control group): 1% of carboxy methyl cellulose (1 mL, p.o.) was administered to the rats for 16 consecutive days. Group II (negative control group): four sterile cotton pellets, 50 mg each were implanted in the dorsal region of rats at eighth day. Group III (positive control group): reference standard drug and diclofenac sodium (12.5 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered to the rats for 16 consecutive days. Groups IV-VII (test groups): rats were pretreated with free and bound phenolic compounds of E. officinalis (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) for 16 consecutive days. Result Effect of E. officinalis on granulomatous tissue formation Table 1 shows the effect of FPEO and BPEO on granulomatous tissue changes due to cotton pellet induced chronic inflammation. Changes in the cotton pellets weight (wet weight-dry weight) of the test samples were compared with the cotton pellet and diclofenac sodium (12.5 mg/kg) treated groups. Pretreatment (i.e. on days 1-8) of diclofenac and the phenolic fractions of E. officinalis did not show any behavioral changes. Both the fractions have shown reduction in granulomatous tissue mass as compared to cotton pellet treated group. However, only high doses (40 mg/kg) of each fraction have shown  significant (p.05) reduction which was comparable to that of diclofenac sodium pretreated group. The hot plate method is very effective for evaluating drugs possessing analgesic property, which act centrally (Vale et al., 1999; Haque et al., 2001; Silva et al., 2003; Al-Naggar et al., 2003). Prolongation of reaction time in hot plate test inferred possible central analgesic effects of the oil. The oil increased the reaction time significantly at the dose levels used compared to control group. Acetic Acid-induced writhing has been used to evaluate drugs possessing peripheral analgesic effects (Koster et al., 1959; Viana et al., 2000). Acetic acid has been reported to cause hyperalgesia by liberating endogenous substances such as prostaglandins, leukotrieines, 5-HT, histamine, kinins, H+ and K+, etc. which have been implicated in the mediation of pain perception (Forth et al., 1986; Rang et al., 1999). Yin et al (2003) reported that many studies have shown that the earlier phase (1st phase) of formalininduced pain reflects the direct effect of formalin on nociceptors whereas the late phase (2nd phase) reflects inflammatory pain, which has been linked to prostaglandin synthesis (Hong and Abbot, 1995; Yin, et al., 2003). Opioid analgesics have been reported to possess antinociceptive effects in both phases having more effect at the 2nd phase (Le Bars et al., 2001). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as indomethacin is said to be effective only in the 1st phase especially if the formalin is injected at high concentration (Yashpal and Coderre, 1998). In this study, the oil dose-dependently inhibited nociception induced in the Formalin Test significantly compared to control group in the 1st phase (neurogenic) and 2nd phase (inflammatory). These results therefore further suggest that the oil contain constituents that exhibit anti-inflammatory properties Commonly used Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) such as aspirin and indomethacin are widely used to reduce swelling associated with pain and inflammation through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by direct effect on cyclo-oxygenase (COX) in the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism (Amos et al., 2001; Nwafor and Okwuasaba, 2003) Inflammation is a disorder involving localized increases in the number of leukocytes and a variety of complex mediator molecules [4]. Prostaglandins are ubiquitous substances that indicate and modulate cell and tissue responses involved in inflammation. Their biosynthesis has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, colonic adenomas and Alzheimers disease [5,6]. Medicinal plants are believed to be an important source of new chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects [7,8]. The research into plants with alleged folkloric use as pain relievers, antiinflammatory agents, should therefore be viewed as a fruitful and logical research strategy in the search for new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs [9]. Acute toxicity test The animals were divided into six groups containing eight animals in each group. MEPA was suspended in normal saline and administered orally as a single dose to groups of mice at different concentrations (500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500 and 2000 mgkg-1 b.w). These animals were observed for a 72 h period. The number of deaths was expressed as a percentile and the LD50 was determined by probit a test using the death percentage versus the log dose [12]. Result Acute toxicity test In the acute toxicity assay no deaths were observed during the 72 h period at the doses tested. At these doses, the animals showed no stereotypical symptoms associated with toxicity, such as convulsion, ataxy, diarrhoea or increased diuresis. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined to be higher than highest dose tested i.e., 2.0 gkg-1 b.w. Cotton pellet-induced granuloma The cotton pellets-induced granuloma in rats was studied according to the method DArcy et al., 1960 [16]. The animals were divided into four groups of six animals in each group. The rats were anaesthetized and sterile cotton pellets weighing 10  ± 1 mg were implanted subcutaneously into both sides of the groin region of each rat. Group I served as control and received the vehicle (0.9% NaCl, 5 mlkg-1 b.w. The extract MEPA at the concentration of 250 and 500 mgkg-1 b.w was administered orally to groups II and III animals for seven consecutive days from the day of cotton pellet implantation. Group IV animals received indomethacin at a dose of 10 mgkg-1 b.w for the same period. On 8th day the animals were anaesthetized and the pellets together with the granuloma tissues were carefully removed and made free from extraneous tissues. The wet pellets were weighed and then dried in an oven at 60 °C for 24 h to constant weight, after that the dried pellets were weighed again. Increment in the dry weight of the pellets was taken as a measure of granuloma formation The antiproliferative effect of MEPA was compared with  control. Statistical analysis The values were expressed as mean  ± S.E.M. The statistical significance was determined by using the student t-test [17]. Values of P Result Cotton pellets-induced granuloma The effects of MEPA and indomethacin on the proliferative phase of inflammation are shown in table 1. A significant reduction in the weight of cotton pellets was observed with MEPA (250 and 500 mgkg-1 b.w) compared to the vehicle treated rats. However the degree of reduction was less than the effect caused by indomethacin. The cotton pellet method is widely used to evaluate the transudative and proliferative components of the chronic inflammation. The wet weight of the cotton pellets correlates with the transuda; the dry weight of the pellets correlates with the amount of the granulomatous tissue [20,21]. Administration of MEPA (250 and 500 mgkg-1 b.w) and indomethacin (10 mgkg-1 b.w) appear to be effective in inhibiting the wet weight of cotton pellet. On the other hand, the MEPA effect on dry weight of the cotton pellet was almost near to that of indomethacin. These data support the hypothesis of the greater effect of the MEPA on the inflammation in rats. This effect may be due to the cellular migration to injured sites and accumulation of collagen an mucopolysaccharides.

A Teacher Holds the Key to Knowledge, Success, and Fun :: Teaching Philosophy Education Admissions

A Teacher Holds the Key to Knowledge, Success, and Fun The greatest gift a teacher can give students is a positive learning experience that lasts a lifetime. An outstanding teacher is a good role model, fair, consistent, and open to new ideas. A good teacher can motivate and entertain without students realizing the learning process it taking place. It is a great achievement for a teacher to see the â€Å"light bulb† come on over a student’s head when he/she understand a problem or can figure out an equation. To see a child accomplish a task is most satisfying and rewarding. A teacher holds the key to knowledge, success, and fun. Every child deserves a teacher that understands and accommodates different ability levels of each student. It is very difficult to pinpoint a specific method of teaching because so many styles and techniques are successful. Incorporating different methods may be effective. I have been a substitute teacher for two years and this experience has brought great insight for future reference. I feel that all students can and must learn according to their ability. I want to be a teacher who influences each student in a positive way and display strong ethics in order to encourage appropriate behavior and respect. A teacher’s personal ethics influence their teaching method. With regard to teaching methods, I share certain views from Rousseau. Children are born with a blank slate and are not good or bad by nature. These characteristics are not determined at birth but are learned behavior. Young children entering elementary school are excited and open to learn. It is the teachers’ task to keep the creativeness and attention of each student. Basically, children want to learn. I also tend to hold the attitude of Essentialism toward educational philosophies. I believe the curriculum of the schools should be subject-centered. Students learning should be centered on the basic subjects such as reading, writing, history, math, and science. I feel strongly about reading because if a child is a good strong reader, other subjects seem to be absorbed more easily. I lean toward behaviorism regarding discipline. I agree the reward system, establishing rules, and monitoring events are excellent ways to teach responsibility and instill moral values. I think a good teacher can incorporate all different â€Å"beliefs† and identify what works and what doesn’t. The lessons students learn in kindergarten are basic skills and remain with them for the rest of their lives.

Focus of the Final Paper Essay

Focus of the Final Paper You’ve just been hired onto ABC Company as the corporate controller. ABC Company is a manufacturing firm that specializes in making cedar roofing and siding shingles. The company currently has annual sales of around $1.2 million, a 25% increase from the previous year. The company has an aggressive growth target of reaching $3 million annual sales within the next 3 years. The CEO has been trying to find additional products that can leverage the current ABC employee skillset as well as the manufacturing facilities. As the controller of ABC Company, the CEO has come to you with a new opportunity that he’s been working on. The CEO would like to use the some of the shingle scrap materials to build cedar dollhouses. While this new product line would add additional raw materials and be more time-intensive to manufacture than the cedar shingles, this new product line will be able to leverage ABC’s existing manufacturing facilities as well as the current staff. Although this product line will require added expenses, it will provide additional revenue and gross profit to help reach the growth targets. The CEO is relying on you to help decide how this project can be afforded Provide details about the estimated product costs, what is needed to break even on the project, and what level of return this product is expected to provide. In order to help out the CEO, you need to prepare a six- to eight-page report that will contain the following information (including exhibits, but excluding your references and title page). Refer to the accompanying Excel spreadsheet (available through your online course) for some specific cost and profit information to complete the calculations. Final Paper Spreadsheet I. An overall risk profile of the company based on current economic and industry issues that it may be facing. II. Current company cash flow a. You need to complete a cash flow statement for the company using the direct method. b. Once you’ve completed the cash flow statement, answer the following questions: i. What does this statement of cash flow tell you about the sources and uses of the company funds? ii. Is there anything ABC Company can do to improve the cash flow? iii. Can this project be financed with current cash flow from the company? Why or why not? iv. If the company needs additional financing beyond what ABC Company can provide internally (either now or sometime throughout the life of the project), how would you suggest the company obtain the additional financing, equity or corporate debt, and why? III. Product cost: ABC Company believes that it has an additional 5,000 machine hours available in the current facility before it would need to expand. ABC Company uses machine hours to allocate the fixed factory overhead, and units sold to allocate the fixed sales expenses. Bases on current research, ABC Company expects that it will take twice as long to produce the expansion product as it currently takes to produce its existing product. a. What is the product cost for the expansion product under absorption and variable costing? b. By adding this new expansion product, it helps to absorb the fixed factory and sales expenses. How much cheaper does this expansion make the existing product? c. Assuming ABC Company wants a 40% gross margin for the new product, what selling price should it set for the expansion product? d. Assuming the same sales mix of these two products, what are the contribution margins and break-even points by product? IV. Potential investments to accelerate profit: ABC company has the option to purchase additional equipment that will cost about $42,000, and this new equipment will produce the following savings in factory overhead costs over the next five years: Year 1, $15,000 Year 2, $13,000 Year 3, $10,000 Year 4, $10,000 Year 5, $6,000 ABC Company uses the net-present-value method to analyze investments and desires a minimum rate of return of 12% on the equipment. a. What is the net present value of the proposed investment (ignore income taxes and depreciation)? b. Assuming a 5-year straight-line depreciation, how will this impact the factory’s fixed costs for each of the 5 years (and the implied product costs)? What about cash flow? c. Considering the cash flow impact of the equipment as well as the time-value of money, would you recommend that ABC Company purchases the equipment? Why or why not? V. Conclusion: a. What are the major risk factors that you see in this project? b. As the controller and a management accountant, what is your responsibility to this project? c. What do you recommend the CEO do? Writing the Final Paper 1. Must be six to eight double-spaced pages in length, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. 2. Must include a title page with the following: a. Title of paper b. Student’s name c. Course name and number d. Instructor’s name e. Date submitted

Nyu Bloomberg Essays

Nyu Bloomberg Essays Nyu Bloomberg Essays Using the Bloomberg terminal for data Contents of Package 1.Getting information on your company 2.Getting information on comparable companies 3.Getting macro economic information Pages 2-31 Pages 32-39 Pages 40 1 Instructions for Getting Bloomberg Data Pick Equity Under Finding Securities, choose Ticker Symbol Look up (TK) Enter the name of your company. You will get all of the equity listings that the company has. Choose the one that you are interested in. For instance, if you look up Nestle, you will get Nestle’s local listings in Switzerland (Registered and Bearer Stock) as well as all of Nestle’s ADR listings around the world. You might have to work through the listings by trial and error until you get the listing that has all of the financial information that you want. (One quick test that seems to work is to try the DES page below. The right listing will have 10-11 pages. All the other listings will have only 2-4 pages) Once you are in equity screen for your company, Type HDS: Print page 1 off Choose Description (DES): Print first 10 pages off; Ignore beta on first page. Chose Debt Distibution (DDIS): Print off just first page Choose Financial Analysis (FA): The ful l report option that was available until last year is more difficult to get to now. Instead, print off the following subreports Enterprise Value (Will give you market value of equity, total book debt and cash for the last 10 years) Income Statement Summary Assets Liabilities Cashflow If you want quarterly data, you can change your preferences in FA and print quarterly data. Choose Earnings Estimates (EE) Choose Zacks Print off first page If you do not have a beta, pick Beta Calculations (BETA) Using the tab button, you can change the period to M Using the tab button, you can change the range to a 5-year range Using the tab button, you can also change the market index. Go back to the main menu (out of equity). Pick Corp Bond. Enter the name of your company You will get a list of corporate bonds issued by your company, if any. Choose a long-term bond (preferable without special features like convertibility) from the list. Choose Description 2 Using Bloomberg to get information on your company To get all other information Equity Finding Securities Ticker Symbol Look Up (TK) Enter the name of your company To get ratings information Corp 1. Finding Securities Ticker Symbol Look Up Enter the name of your company Choose the listing for your company that you are interested in Choose the listing for your company that you are interested in. If you have a company with multiple listings, this may take some work. Try the DES page (see below). If you get only 2 pages, you have the wrong listing. Pick a long term bond for the company Issue/Issuer Information Description Risk and Volatilitiy Beta Calculation (BETA) Historical Volatility (HVT) 2. Company Information /Description 1. Description (DES) 2. Debt Detail (DDIS) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Fundamentals and Earnings Analysis 1. Financial Analysis (FA) 13. Earnings Estimates (EE) Stockholder Information HDS (Just Pg 1) Enterprise Value Income Statement Assets Liabilities Cashflows 3) Zacks Change defaults: Period to M Starting point: 5 yrs ago Leave ending point as is Shadow: Indicates menu choices on Bloomberg Shadow Regular font: Indicates input that you have to provide or change 3 WHERE TO FIND THE DATA This is a listing of all of the financial data that you will need to analyze your company and where exactly on the Bloomberg output you will find the data. Once you have identified what you would like to look up, use the item number and go to the specified page number on Bloomberg to look it up. Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Input Beta Current EPS Payout Ratio Total Debt Book Value of Equity Number of Shares Outstanding Effective Tax Rate Chg in Non-Cash Working Capital Capital Expenditures Depreciation EPS - 5 years